SHM's Clinical Quick Talks-Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis

Pdf Summary

Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis (SBP) is a serious complication that occurs in cirrhotic patients with ascites, leading to a 20% in-hospital mortality rate if not treated promptly. It is characterized by gut bacteria entering the peritoneum. Risk factors include advanced cirrhosis, history of prior SBP, and certain biochemical markers. SBP is predominantly caused by gram-negative bacteria, with a rising incidence of multi-drug resistant organisms. Presentation may include abdominal pain, fever, and other signs of infection, although symptoms can be absent. Diagnosis is made through ascitic fluid analysis, with treatment typically involving antibiotics like third-generation cephalosporins. Albumin infusion is recommended in severe cases. Monitoring for treatment response is crucial, with repeat diagnostic procedures and potential changes in antibiotic therapy. SBP carries a poor prognosis, especially if treatment is delayed. Prophylactic measures are advised in certain high-risk situations. Overall, awareness of SBP in cirrhotic patients is vital for timely intervention and improving outcomes, as the condition can lead to severe complications and high mortality rates.

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Blake Daugherty, Nicole Terrigno

Keywords

Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis

SBP

cirrhotic patients

ascites

in-hospital mortality rate

gut bacteria

gram-negative bacteria

multi-drug resistant organisms

ascitic fluid analysis

third-generation cephalosporins