SHM's Clinical Quick Talks-Hypocalcemia

Pdf Summary

Hypocalcemia is a condition characterized by low levels of calcium in the blood. Calcium homeostasis is regulated by various hormones and receptors in the body. To diagnose hypocalcemia, several tests are recommended, including measuring ionized calcium levels, checking serum magnesium levels, and evaluating parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels. High or low levels of PTH can indicate different underlying causes of hypocalcemia. Additionally, alkaline phosphatase levels can provide insight into bone turnover. Vitamin D deficiency and certain medications can also contribute to hypocalcemia.<br /><br />Patients with hypocalcemia may experience symptoms such as muscle cramps, numbness, and tingling. In some cases, neuromuscular irritability can lead to facial and muscle twitching, as well as seizures. Treatment for hypocalcemia depends on the severity of symptoms. Intravenous calcium gluconate may be administered for rapid correction or persistent hypocalcemia, while oral calcium supplements can be given to patients who can tolerate them. Patients with hypocalcemia caused by hypomagnesemia should have their magnesium levels corrected, and those with vitamin D deficiency or hypoparathyroidism may require vitamin D supplementation.<br /><br />It is important to measure ionized calcium directly to accurately diagnose hypocalcemia, as total serum calcium levels can be misleading. Electrocardiogram (EKG) changes should be monitored until hypocalcemia is resolved. Severe symptoms may require intravenous calcium gluconate, while milder cases can be managed with oral calcium supplementation.<br /><br />Overall, early detection and appropriate treatment of hypocalcemia are essential to prevent complications and improve patient outcomes.

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Pooja Khatiwala, Gabriela Contino

Keywords

Hypocalcemia

low levels of calcium

calcium homeostasis

diagnose hypocalcemia

ionized calcium levels

serum magnesium levels

parathyroid hormone levels

alkaline phosphatase levels

neuromuscular irritability

treatment for hypocalcemia