SHM's Clinical Quick Talks-Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP)

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Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) is a disorder characterized by slowly evolving weakness in the limbs, often accompanied by feeling of tingling or numbness. It is believed to be an autoimmune condition where the body's immune system attacks the myelin of peripheral nerves. The exact triggers of these attacks are unknown. The incidence of CIDP is estimated to be as high as 1.5 new cases per 100,000 population annually. If left untreated, it can lead to permanent nerve damage and disability, making early diagnosis important.<br /><br />CIDP can be confused with other autoimmune peripheral neuropathies, compression neuropathies, spinal cord nerve tract pathology, autoimmune neuromuscular junction disorders, and hereditary peripheral neuropathies. Diagnosis is typically based on a patient's history of slowly progressive weakness, physical examination findings such as diminished reflexes, and electrodiagnostic criteria established by medical societies. Additional tests, such as an MRI or CT scan, may be used to rule out other conditions.<br /><br />Treatment for CIDP involves the use of immunologic interventions such as high dose immunoglobulins, plasma exchange, and corticosteroids. Physical therapy is often recommended to help improve function and mobility. In some cases, the condition may dissipate over time, leading to a decrease in treatment frequency. Supportive care, including patient support through organizations like the GBS/CIDP Foundation International, is also important.<br /><br />It is crucial to promptly evaluate unexplained weakness and difficulty walking, as CIDP can lead to permanent nerve damage and disability if left untreated. Nerve conduction velocity studies are commonly used to look for indicators of peripheral nerve demyelination. The electrodiagnostic criteria for diagnosing CIDP have been established by medical societies and involve specific measurements of motor conduction velocities and other nerve responses.<br /><br />In conclusion, CIDP is a chronic disorder characterized by slowly evolving weakness in the limbs due to autoimmune attacks on peripheral nerve myelin. Early diagnosis and treatment are important to prevent permanent nerve damage and disability.

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Joel Steinberg

Keywords

Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyradiculoneuropathy

CIDP

autoimmune condition

peripheral nerves

tingling

numbness

triggers

incidence

diagnosis

nerve damage