SHM's Clinical Quick Talks-Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a progressive condition characterized by limited airflow due to inflammation of the airways and/or destruction of lung tissue. It is caused by exposure to harmful substances. COPD is the fourth leading cause of death globally. Symptoms include difficulty breathing, chronic cough, sputum production, and chest tightness. Diagnosis is based on the severity of airflow limitation and the assessment of exacerbation risk.<br /><br />Management of stable COPD involves smoking cessation and treatment based on the risk assessment. Bronchodilators are used for mild cases, while Long-Acting Muscarinic Antagonist (LAMA) or Long-Acting Beta2 Agonist (LABA) are used for moderate cases. Severe cases may require LAMA/LABA or Inhaled Corticosteroids (ICS). Oxygen therapy is recommended for those with low oxygen levels. Vaccination and chronic macrolide therapy may also be considered.<br /><br />During exacerbations, short-acting medications like Beta2 Agonists and Muscarinic Antagonists are used, along with systemic glucocorticoids and antibiotics. Oxygen therapy is provided with caution to avoid aggravating the condition. Non-Invasive Ventilation (NIV) may be used for patients with respiratory acidosis, severe dyspnea, or persistent low oxygen levels. Mechanical intubation is reserved for severe cases.<br /><br />Some clinical points to note include using a chest X-ray to rule out other conditions, emphasizing smoking cessation, the importance of bronchodilators, and conducting an ABCD assessment for stable COPD management. It is advised to avoid correcting low oxygen levels too aggressively to prevent worsening of high carbon dioxide levels.<br /><br />Reference:<br />GOLD pocket Guide to COPD Diagnosis, Management and prevention, 2020.

Asset Subtitle

Mamdouh Souleymane

Meta Tag

Core Competency Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Format Study Guide

Format Teaching Script

Keywords

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

COPD

limited airflow

inflammation of airways

lung tissue destruction

exposure to harmful substances

difficulty breathing

chronic cough

chest tightness

smoking cessation