Perioperative Cardiac Risk Management-References

Pdf Summary

This document is a reference list for a perioperative cardiac risk management guideline update covering 2026–2029. It compiles key studies, randomized trials, cohort studies, systematic reviews, and major society guidelines related to cardiovascular evaluation and treatment before, during, and after noncardiac surgery.

Main topics covered include:

- <strong>Beta-blockers:</strong> Evidence on perioperative beta-blockade, including benefits and risks, effects on mortality, myocardial infarction, stroke, and withdrawal of chronic beta-blockers.
- <strong>Statins:</strong> Studies on perioperative statin use, statin loading, continuation versus discontinuation, and associations with reduced cardiac events and mortality.
- <strong>Antiplatelet therapy:</strong> Research and guidelines on aspirin, clopidogrel, dual antiplatelet therapy, and management of patients with coronary stents undergoing surgery.
- <strong>Clonidine, nitrates, and other agents:</strong> Trials evaluating whether these medications reduce perioperative ischemia or cardiovascular complications.
- <strong>Coronary revascularization and stents:</strong> Evidence on whether preoperative coronary intervention improves outcomes, and how surgery timing affects risk after PCI or stent placement.
- <strong>Myocardial injury after noncardiac surgery (MINS):</strong> Studies on postoperative troponin elevation, diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment strategies.
- <strong>Guideline foundations:</strong> Multiple ACC/AHA, ESC/ESA, and CHEST guidelines inform current perioperative cardiovascular assessment and antithrombotic management.

Overall, the references emphasize that perioperative cardiac management should be individualized based on patient risk, cardiac history, type of surgery, and medication use. They also show a strong focus on balancing prevention of ischemic events against risks such as bleeding, stroke, and medication-related complications.

Meta Tag

Concept Beta Blockers

Concept Statin

Concept Antiplatelet Therapy

Concept Myocardial Injury

Concept Myocardial Infarction

Keywords

perioperative cardiac risk

noncardiac surgery

beta-blockers

statins

antiplatelet therapy

coronary stents

myocardial injury after noncardiac surgery

MINS

ACC/AHA guidelines

ESC/ESA guidelines

Beta Blockers

Statin

Antiplatelet Therapy

Myocardial Injury

Myocardial Infarction