Medical and Perioperative Management of the Pregnant Patient-References

References

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The references provided offer a comprehensive overview of the medical and perioperative management of pregnant patients, addressing key topics such as physiological changes, diagnostic considerations, and treatment protocols.<br /><br />Several studies focus on the impact of pregnancy on cardiovascular and metabolic parameters. Carson et al. (2002, 2010) explore effects of obesity, position, and pregnancy on heart rate and laboratory tests. The management of gestational diabetes is highlighted through studies by de Veciana et al. (1995), Miller et al. (1981), and the American Diabetes Association (2020), emphasizing glucose monitoring, diagnosis, and outcomes. The importance of managing hypertension and preeclampsia during pregnancy is underscored in guidelines from ACOG (2018, 2019), the National High Blood Pressure Education Program (2000), and the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Task Force (2013).<br /><br />Venous thromboembolism (VTE), thrombophilia, and their management receive attention in guidelines and systematic reviews (Bates et al. 2012; Gould et al. 2012; Duhl et al. 2007; ACOG 2013), highlighting prevention and treatment strategies during pregnancy.<br /><br />Other key areas include the risks of smoking related to perioperative pulmonary complications (Myers et al. 2011; Yamashita et al. 2004; Mills et al. 2011), as well as pulmonary hypertension outcomes in non-cardiac surgery (Kaw et al. 2011; Memtsoudis et al. 2010). Preoperative assessments such as chest X-rays and inspiratory muscle training are discussed concerning pulmonary complication prevention (Archer et al. 1993; Hulzebos et al. 2006; Hall et al. 1991). The role of nasogastric decompression after abdominal surgery is critically evaluated (Nelson et al. 2007).<br /><br />Additional references delve into considerations for diagnostic imaging safety during pregnancy and lactation (ACOG Committee Opinions 2004, 2016), recurrence risks of hyperemesis gravidarum (Dean et al. 2019; Fejzo et al. 2011), and outcomes related to laparoscopy during pregnancy (Reedy et al. 1997).<br /><br />Overall, the referenced literature establishes evidence-based guidelines for managing medical disorders, surgical interventions, and specific pregnancy-related complications to optimize maternal and fetal outcomes in perioperative care.

Keywords

pregnancy management

perioperative care

gestational diabetes

hypertension in pregnancy

preeclampsia

venous thromboembolism

thrombophilia

pulmonary complications

diagnostic imaging safety

laparoscopy during pregnancy