Evaluation and Management of Cirrhosis in the Perioperative Setting-References

References

Pdf Summary

This comprehensive reference list supports the evaluation and management of perioperative patients with cirrhosis, focusing on risk assessment, surgical outcomes, and evidence-based clinical guidance from 2024-2027. Key themes include stratifying surgical risk in cirrhotic patients, the role of portal hypertension measurements (such as hepatic venous pressure gradient), and the predictive value of noninvasive markers like liver stiffness on postoperative complications and hospital length of stay.<br /><br />Several seminal studies (Newman et al. 2020; Garcia-Tsao et al. 2017; Reverter et al. 2019) provide frameworks for assessing bleeding risk and portal hypertension-related complications. The references emphasize the importance of distinguishing elective versus emergent surgery and highlight higher postoperative morbidity and mortality associated with cirrhosis (Johnson et al. 2021; Teh et al. 2007). Scoring systems for predicting surgical outcomes (Causey et al. 2012; Mahmud et al. 2021) and clinical guidelines (Canillas et al. 2023; Northup et al. 2019) are included to guide perioperative decision-making.<br /><br />Management strategies such as placement of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts (TIPS) before surgery in select patients (Chang et al. 2022; Tabchouri et al. 2019) and anesthesia considerations (Steadman 2017; Kennedy et al. 1970) are also covered. Nutritional optimization and management of complications like ascites and coagulopathy with thromboelastography guidance (Fan et al. 1994; De Pietri et al. 2016) are addressed.<br /><br />Additional references discuss outcomes in specific surgical contexts including laparoscopic procedures (Puggioni & Wong 2003), trauma laparotomy (Demetriades et al. 2004), and orthopedic surgeries (Hsieh et al. 2003; Tiberi et al. 2014). Hepatitis B and C management in perioperative settings is noted (Bhattacharya et al. 2023; Terrault et al. 2018).<br /><br />Together, these references inform multidisciplinary perioperative strategies to minimize risks, optimize clinical outcomes, and individualize care for patients with cirrhosis undergoing surgery.

Keywords

perioperative management

cirrhosis

surgical risk stratification

portal hypertension

hepatic venous pressure gradient

liver stiffness

postoperative complications

transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS)

anesthesia considerations

nutritional optimization