Anesthesia for Internists-References

References

Pdf Summary

The provided references form a comprehensive bibliography for "Anesthesia for Internists," covering key aspects of anesthesia practice from 2024 to 2027. They include foundational studies, clinical guidelines, and authoritative reviews on various anesthesia types—general, regional (epidural, spinal, peripheral nerve blocks), and monitored anesthesia care (MAC). Notable topics addressed include the national incidence of MAC use (Bayman et al.), practice guidelines on sedation and analgesia (American Society of Anesthesiologists [ASA] Task Force, 2018), and patient-specific considerations like perioperative morbidity, management of high-risk surgical patients, and the relationship between physical status and postoperative outcomes (Christopherson et al., Yeager et al., Vacanti et al.).<br /><br />These references also emphasize preoperative evaluation and risk stratification via ASA Physical Status Classification and cardiovascular guidelines from the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association. Several studies focus on preoperative fasting protocols to reduce aspiration risk, highlighting updated ASA practices. The bibliography underscores distinctions between different sedation levels and anesthesia techniques according to ASA standards, reflecting evolving consensus on monitored anesthesia care versus conscious sedation.<br /><br />Pharmacologic management including opioids, nonopioid intravenous and inhalation anesthesia, and neuromuscular blockade are covered through in-depth clinical anesthesia textbook chapters, underscoring the pharmacodynamics relevant to internists managing perioperative care. Moreover, there is guidance on regional anesthesia use in patients on antithrombotic therapy, ensuring safe clinical decision-making in complex scenarios.<br /><br />In summary, these references offer internists evidence-based resources on anesthesia principles, patient assessment, risk reduction, sedation practices, and pharmacologic management to support safe perioperative care in diverse patient populations. Together, they bridge anesthesia expertise with internists’ roles in optimizing surgical outcomes.

Keywords

Anesthesia for Internists

Monitored Anesthesia Care (MAC)

Sedation and Analgesia Guidelines

ASA Physical Status Classification

Preoperative Evaluation

Perioperative Morbidity

Regional Anesthesia

Pharmacologic Management in Anesthesia

Antithrombotic Therapy and Anesthesia

Cardiovascular Guidelines in Surgery